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Transcription Factor Family: TCP

Kosugi & Ohashi. 2002: The TCP domain is a plant-specific DNA binding domain found in proteins from a diverse array of species, including the cycloidea (cyc) and teosinte branched1 (tb1) gene products and the PCF1 and PCF2 proteins. To understand the role in transcriptional regulation of proteins with this domain, we have analysed the DNA binding and dimerization specificity of the TCP protein family using rice PCF proteins, and further evaluated potential targets for the TCP protein. The seven PCF members including five newly isolated proteins, were able to be grouped into two classes, I and II, based on sequence similarity in the TCP domain. Random binding site selection experiments and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) revealed the consensus DNA binding sequences of these two classes to be distinct but overlapping; GGNCCCAC for class I and GTGGNCCC for class II. The TB1 protein from maize, which belongs to class II, had the same specificity as the rice class II proteins, suggesting the conservation of binding specificity between TCP domains from different species. The yeast 2-hybrid assay and EMSA revealed that these proteins tend to form a homodimer or a heterodimer between members of the same class. We searched predicted 5' flanking sequences of Arabidopsis genes for the consensus binding sequences and found that the consensus sites are distributed in the genome at a considerably lower frequency. We further analysed eight promoters containing the class I consensus TCP sites. The transcriptional activities of six promoters were decreased by a mutation of the TCP binding site, which is consistent with the observation that the class I TCP site can confer transactivation function on a heterologous promoter. These results suggest that the two classes of TCP protein are distinct in DNA binding specificity and transcriptional regulation.

There are 25 transcription factors which have been predicted for 3D structure in this family:

Transcription Factor IDGene Description
AT1G30210.1Description:   TCP24 (TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, AND PCF FAMILY 24); transcription factor;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 1;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 839901
AT1G35560.1Description:   TCP family transcription factor, putative;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 1;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 840452
AT1G53230.1Description:   TCP3; transcription factor;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 1;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 841756
AT1G58100.1Description:   TCP family transcription factor, putative;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 1;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 842177
AT1G67260.1Description:   pseudo;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 1;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 843046
AT1G68800.1Description:   TCP12 (TCP DOMAIN PROTEIN 12); transcription factor;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 1;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 843212
AT1G69690.1Description:   TCP family transcription factor, putative;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 1;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 843305
AT1G72010.1Description:   TCP family transcription factor, putative;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 1;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 843532
AT2G31070.1Description:   TCP10 (TCP DOMAIN PROTEIN 10); transcription factor;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 2;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 817659
AT2G37000.1Description:   TCP family transcription factor, putative;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 2;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 818274
AT2G45680.1Description:   TCP family transcription factor, putative;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 2;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 819176
AT3G02150.1Description:   PTF1 (PLASTID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1); transcription factor;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 3;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 821061
AT3G15030.1Description:   TCP4 (TCP family transcription factor 4); transcription factor;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 3;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 820732
AT3G18550.1Description:   BRC1 (BRANCHED 1); transcription factor;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 3;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 821386
AT3G18550.2Description:   BRC1 (BRANCHED 1); transcription factor;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 3;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 821386
AT3G27010.1Description:   AT-TCP20; transcription factor;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 3;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 822318
AT3G45150.1Description:   TCP16 (TCP domain protein 16); transcription factor;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 3;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 823651
AT3G47620.1Description:   AtTCP14 (TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA and PCF (TCP) 14); transcription factor;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 3;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 823916
AT4G18390.1Description:   TCP family transcription factor, putative;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 4;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 827568
AT5G08070.1Description:   TCP17 (TCP DOMAIN PROTEIN 17); transcription factor;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 5;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 830701
AT5G08330.1Description:   TCP family transcription factor, putative;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 5;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 830730
AT5G23280.1Description:   TCP family transcription factor, putative;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 5;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 832392
AT5G41030.1Description:   TCP family transcription factor, putative;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 5;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 834105
AT5G51910.1Description:   TCP family transcription factor, putative;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 5;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 835266
AT5G60970.1Description:   TCP5 (TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA AND PCF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 5); transcription factor;  Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana;  Chromosome: 5;  GeneType: Protein Coding;  NCBI gene id: 836218