Transcription Factor Family: zf-HD
Windhovel et al. 2001: We are interested in the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the mesophyll-specific expression of C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase). A one-hybrid screen resulted in the cloning of four different members of a novel class of plant homeodomain proteins, which are most likely involved in the mesophyll-specific expression of the C4 PEPCase gene in C4 species of the genus Flaveria. Inspection of the homeodomains of the four proteins reveals that they share many common features with homeodomains described so far, but there are also significant differences. Interestingly, this class of homeodomain proteins occurs also in Arabidopsis thaliana and other C3 plants. One-hybrid experiments as well as in vitro DNA binding studies confirmed that these novel homeodomain proteins specifically interact with the proximal region of the C4 PEPCase gene. The N-terminal domains of the homeodomain proteins contain highly conserved sequence motifs. Two-hybrid experiments show that these motifs are sufficient to confer homo- or heterodimer formation between the proteins. Mutagenesis of conserved cysteine residues within the dimerization domain indicates that these residues are essential for dimer formation. Therefore, we designate this novel class of homeobox proteins ZF-HD, for zinc finger homeodomain protein. Our data suggest that the ZF-HD class of homeodomain proteins may be involved in the establishment of the characteristic expression pattern of the C4 PEPCase gene.
There are 18 transcription factors which have been predicted for 3D structure in this family:
| Transcription Factor ID | Gene Description |
| AT1G14440.1 | Description: AtHB31 (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 31); DNA binding / transcription factor; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 1; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 838006 |
| AT1G14440.2 | Description: AtHB31 (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 31); DNA binding / transcription factor; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 1; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 838006 |
| AT1G14687.1 | Description: AtHB32 (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 32); DNA binding / transcription factor; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 1; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 838033 |
| AT1G18835.1 | Description: MIF3 (MINI ZINC FINGER); Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 1; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 5007704 |
| AT1G69600.1 | Description: ZFHD1 (ZINC FINGER HOMEODOMAIN 1); DNA binding / transcription activator/ transcription factor; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 1; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 843296 |
| AT1G74660.1 | Description: MIF1 (MINI ZINC FINGER 1); DNA binding / transcription factor; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 1; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 843805 |
| AT1G75240.1 | Description: AtHB33 (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 33); DNA binding / transcription factor; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 1; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 843861 |
| AT2G02540.1 | Description: ATHB21 (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 21); DNA binding / transcription activator/ transcription factor; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 2; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 814784 |
| AT2G18350.1 | Description: AtHB24 (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 24); DNA binding / transcription factor; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 2; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 816350 |
| AT3G28917.1 | Description: MIF2 (MINI ZINC FINGER 2); DNA binding; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 3; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 2745896 |
| AT3G28920.1 | Description: AtHB34 (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 34); DNA binding / transcription factor; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 3; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 822527 |
| AT3G50890.1 | Description: AtHB28 (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 28); DNA binding / transcription factor; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 3; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 824253 |
| AT4G24660.1 | Description: ATHB22 (HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 22); DNA binding / transcription factor; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 4; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 828568 |
| AT5G15210.1 | Description: ATHB30 (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 30); DNA binding / transcription factor; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 5; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 831373 |
| AT5G39760.1 | Description: AtHB23 (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 23); DNA binding / transcription factor; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 5; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 833972 |
| AT5G42780.1 | Description: AtHB27 (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 27); DNA binding / transcription factor; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 5; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 834288 |
| AT5G60480.1 | Description: AtHB26 (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 26); DNA binding / transcription factor; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 5; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 836169 |
| AT5G65410.1 | Description: HB25 (HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 25); DNA binding / sequence-specific DNA binding / transcription factor/ transcription regulator; Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana; Chromosome: 5; GeneType: Protein Coding; NCBI gene id: 836666 |